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''McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education'', 529 F. Supp. 1255, 1258-1264 (ED Ark. 1982), was a 1981 legal case in Arkansas. A lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas by various parents, religious groups and organizations, biologists, and others who argued that the Arkansas state law known as the Balanced Treatment for Creation-Science and Evolution-Science Act (Act 590), which mandated the teaching of "creation science" in Arkansas public schools, was unconstitutional because it violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Judge William Overton handed down a decision on January 5, 1982, giving a clear, specific definition of science as a basis for ruling that creation science is religion and is simply not science. The ruling was not binding on schools outside the Eastern District of Arkansas but had considerable influence on subsequent rulings on the teaching of creationism.〔(Understanding the Intelligent Design Creationist Movement: Its True Nature and Goals. ) (pdf) A Position Paper from the Center for Inquiry, Office of Public Policy Barbara Forrest. May, 2007.〕 Arkansas did not appeal the decision and it was not until the 1987 case of ''Edwards v. Aguillard'', which dealt with a similar law passed by the State of Louisiana, that teaching "creation science" was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, making that determination applicable nationwide.〔(Creationism/ID, A Short Legal History ) By Lenny Flank, Talk Reason〕 Act 590 had been put forward by a Christian fundamentalist on the basis of a request from the Greater Little Rock Evangelical Fellowship for the introduction of legislation based on a "model act" prepared using material from the Institute for Creation Research. It was opposed by many religious organizations and other groups. ==Parties== The plaintiffs in the suit, who opposed the "balanced treatment" statute, were led by the Reverend William McLean, a United Methodist minister. The other plaintiffs were: *Bishop Kenneth Hicks, of the Arkansas Conferences of the United Methodist Church *The Right Reverend Herbert A. Donovan of the Episcopal Diocese of Arkansas *The Most Reverend Andrew Joseph McDonald, Catholic Bishop of Little Rock *Bishop Frederick C. James of the African Methodist Episcopal Church or Arkansas *The Reverend Nathan Porter, individually and as father and next friend of Joel Randolph Porter *The Reverend George W. Gunn, minister of the Pulaski Heights Presbyterian Church in Little Rock *Dr. Richard B. Hardie, Jr., minister of the Westover Hills Presbyterian Church in Little Rock *The Reverend Earl B. Carter, minister of the United Methodist Church and program director of the North Arkansas Conference of the United Methodist Church *The Reverend George Panner, minister of the United Methodist Church and program director of the Little Rock Conference of the United Methodist church. *Dr. John P. Miles, minister of St. James United Methodist Church in Little Rock and vice-chair of Americans United for Separation of Church and State in Arkansas. *Rev. Jerry Canada, minister of the United Methodist Church and editor of ''The Arkansas Methodist'' *The American Jewish Congress and American Jewish Committee, two national Jewish organizations *The Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the national federation of Reform Jews *Frances C. Roelfs, a biology teacher at Springdale High School in Springdale, Arkansas *Charles Bowlus, individually and as father and next friend of Cordelia Ann and Christopher Felix *Lon Schultz, individually and as father and next friend of Andrea Schultz *The Arkansas Education Association, a teachers' union *The National Association of Biology Teachers *E. E. Hudson, Associate Professor of Biological Sciences at Arkansas Technical University *Mike Wilson, of Jacksonville, Arkansas, an attorney and member of the Arkansas House of Representatives who voted against the act *National Coalition For Public Education and Religious Liberty (National PEARL) The defendants were the Arkansas Board of Education and its members, in their official capacity, the director of the Department of Education, in his official capacity, and the State Textbooks and Instructional materials Selecting Committee. The Pulaski County Special School District and its directors and superintendent were named in the original complaint but were voluntarily dismissed by plaintiffs at the pre-trial conference on October 1, 1981. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「McLean v. Arkansas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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